Evolution in an Urbanizing World
Our cat’s cousin has returned to the Netherlands! The Netherlands, one of the smallest countries in Europe, is getting wilder! A few days ago, I came across an intriguing news report on Jeugdjournaal. It stated that the European wildcat has been spotted in the southern part of the Netherlands, with signs that a few have... Continue Reading →
Wild bees are declining at alarming rates in rural environments, but cities have the potential to provide habitat for a surprisingly high diversity of these pollinators (Sirohi et al., 2025). At the same time, urban beekeeping is gaining ground as an increasingly popular hobby, spiking up honey bee numbers in cities worldwide (Lanner et al.,... Continue Reading →
In my previous blog post I wrote about the beauty and uses of lichens in the city, and I mentioned their use as indicators for pollution. In this post I want to go a little deeper into their interactions with pollution especially in urban habitats. Ammonia Pollution Urban traffic causes a great deal of pollution... Continue Reading →
Cities are becoming more and more grey, with less and less living biomass. The consequence is that there is not enough natural nesting material available for the urban birds. These birds adapt to use alternative anthropogenic nesting materials. Examples include synthetic twine, string, and rope or artificial plants made of plastic (Hiemstra et al. 2021).... Continue Reading →
The harsh, brutal urban environment is increasing. In Europe, the Netherlands ranks as one of the countries with the lowest forest cover (10%), with wooden forests being replaced by concrete jungles. Seas of asphalt, bricks and cement dominate as ground cover, while masoned walls provide shade. The sun's warmth, absorbed by the black asphalt, is... Continue Reading →
In the heart of the city, dominated by human-made material, animals face more than cars and concrete—they face humans. And to survive, some of them have developed a surprising skill: reading human behaviour and recognizing people. They learn who feeds them, who ignores them, and most importantly, who poses a threat to them. They need... Continue Reading →
The human population around the world keeps growing. With that growth existing cities are expanding and new ones are being built. The urban landscape is a relatively new environment with different ecological and environmental conditions compared to rural areas. Environmental pressures in cities affect humans and wild animals alike, for example artificial light at night... Continue Reading →
“Dad, what are those birds? I’ve never seen them before” I remember asking my dad when I was younger. We were outside having a barbecue and for the first time, I noticed several green birds flying overhead accompanied by a cacophony of sounds. I had never seen or heard them before, but suddenly there they... Continue Reading →
Coastal cities in Europe are swarmed with gulls, to the annoyance of many of those cities’ inhabitants. Gulls (Larus spp.) are naturally cliff-nesting species, but are able to thrive in urban areas because of the high food availability, the suitable climate, the similarity of nest substrate, lesser risk of predation and the presence of conspecifics... Continue Reading →
A number of years ago there was quite a lot of media attention regarding a possible case of in situ evolution of Culex pipiens form molestus in the London Underground metro system. This media buzz created speculation that this was a unique species that had risen during the over 160 year long existence of the... Continue Reading →
“Madrid declares war on plague of raccoon and parrot invaders” The Guardian (2013, July 22) “Toronto wages war on Raccoon Nation”The Canadian Press (2015, May 3) Many places have declared the war on raccoons in recent years. But is this war only making them stronger? Why declare war on racoons? The raccoon (Procyon lotor) originates... Continue Reading →
Many of the posts on this blog discuss the wide variety of life you can find in urban environments. But have you ever considered the diversity you can find in the very stones of the buildings we live in? Depending on where these stones were mined, you might be able to find some neat fossils.... Continue Reading →
With the rapid expansion of the city, the degradation of the natural environment has gradually aroused widespread concern in society. In recent years, the saguaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantea), one of the most iconic plants in the Sonoran Desert, has attracted the attention of ecologists because of its declining population and wildfires. They began to think... Continue Reading →
A statue of a fox, as long as 16 meters with a height of over 10 meters, with a bag between its teeth sits in the middle of the Dutch city Rotterdam (Smets, 2024). It is locally known as the Bospoldervos, created by Hofman in 2020. Not without reason, because precisely in this part of... Continue Reading →
Think about a classic urban species. The first ones that come to mind are usually rats, pigeons and cockroaches. I’d bet that less than 10% of people reading this thought of a reptile. With cockroaches (and possibly ants) being the exception, most big names of the city are birds and mammals. Rats, mice, squirrels, (feral)... Continue Reading →
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